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The backwash process typically starts by halting the normal filtration flow. Then, clean water is pumped into the filter from the bottom, flowing upward against the usual direction. This reversed flow expands the filter bed, allowing the sand and gravel grains to move freely and release captured debris. Key components of the backwash system include pumps that supply the backwash water, valves that control the flow direction, and automated controllers that manage the timing and duration of backwash cycles. More advanced setups incorporate sensors to monitor pressure differentials, triggering backwash only when necessary, which conserves water and energy. The backwash water carrying the dislodged contaminants is directed to waste or a treatment system, ensuring that the filter media is restored to optimal condition for the next cycle.

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